Insights into the mapping of green synthesis conditions for ZnO nanoparticles and their toxicokinetics - Supplementary appendix

Research on ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) has broad medical applications. However, the green synthesis of ZnO

NPs involves a wide range of properties requiring optimization. ZnO NPs show toxicity at lower doses. This

toxicity is a function of NP properties and pharmacokinetics. Moreover, NP toxicity and pharmacokinetics

are affected by the species type and age of the animals tested. Physiologically based pharmacokinetic

(PBPK) modeling offers a mechanistic platform to scrutinize the colligative effect of the interplay between

these factors, which reduces the need for in vivo studies. This review provides a guide to choosing green

synthesis conditions that result in minimal toxicity using a mechanistic tool, namely PBPK modeling.